Thank you. I'm honored（纪念） to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. And this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it.

  No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting the dots（点）. I dropped out of Reed（[作物] 芦苇） College after the first six months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why'd I drop out? It started before I was born.

  My biological（生物的） mother was a young unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption（采用）. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted（采用） by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife, except that when I popped（ 发出“砰”的一声） out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, we've got an unexpected（想不到的） baby boy. Do you want him? They said, of course. My biological mother found（找到） out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.

  She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life. And 17 years later, I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford. And all of my working（使工作） class parents' savings（储蓄） were being spent on my college tuition（学费）.

  After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure（ 认为） it out. And here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire（全部的） life. So I decided to drop out and trust（相信） that it would all work（使工作） out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.

  It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm（宿舍） room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned Coke bottles for the five cent deposits（存款） to buy food with. And I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hari Krishna temple（圣堂）. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled（ 绊倒） into by following my curiosity（好奇） and intuition（直觉） turned out to be priceless later on.

  Let me give you one example. Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus, every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-caligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and sans-serif typefaces, about varying（改变） the amount of space between different letter combinations（结合）, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically（艺术地） subtle（微妙的）, in a way that science can't capture（捕获）.

  And I found it fascinating. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But 10 years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple（多重的） typefaces or proportionally（成比例地） spaced fonts.

  And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class. And personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward.

  You can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow（由于某种原因） connect in your future. You have to trust in something-- your gut（内脏）, destiny（命运）, life, karma, whatever-- because believing that the dots（点） will connect down the road will give you the confidence（信心） to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path. And that will make all the difference. My second story is about love and loss. I was lucky.

  I found what I love to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees. We just released our finest creation（创造）, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started?

  Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me. And for the first year or so, things went well. But then our visions（视） of the future began to diverge（(道路等)分叉）, and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our board of directors sided with him. And so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

  I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs（<法>企业家） down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing（拧紧） up so badly. I was a very public failure（失败）, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did.

  The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I'd been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over. I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness（轻盈） of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed（使自由） me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

  During the next five years, I started a company named Next, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated（使有生气） feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation（活泼） studio in the world. In a remarkable（异常的） turn of events, Apple bought Next, and I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at Next is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance（复兴）. And Loreen and I have a wonderful family together. I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.

  My third story is about death. When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like, "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself if today were the last day of my life, what I want to do, what I am about to do today. And whenever the answer has been no for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered（遭遇） to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything, all external（外部的） expectations（期待）, all pride（骄傲）, all fear of embarrassment（窘迫） or failure（失败）, these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly（真实地） important.

  Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap（陷阱） of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked（裸体的）. There is no reason not to follow your heart. About a year ago, I was diagnosed（诊断） with cancer（癌症）. I had a scan at 7.30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor（瘤） on my pancreas（[解]胰腺）. I didn't even know what a pancreas was.

  The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable（不能治愈的）, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs（事情） in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes. I live with that diagnosis（诊断） all day.

  Later that evening, I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, threw my stomach into my intestines（肠）, put a needle into my pancreas, and got a few cells（细胞） from the tumor（瘤）. I was sedated（给…服镇静剂）, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic（胰的） cancer（癌症） that is curable with surgery（外科）. I had the surgery, and thankfully, I'm fine now. This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty（必然） than when death was a useful but purely（纯粹地） intellectual（智力的） concept. No one wants to die.

  Even people who want to go to heaven（天堂） don't want to die to get there. And yet, death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life. It's life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new.

  Right now, the new is you. But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually（逐渐地） become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic（戏剧的）, but it's quite true. Your time is limited（有限的）, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drowned（淹死） out your own inner（内部的） voice.

  And most important, have the courage（勇气） to follow your heart and intuition（直觉）. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. When I was young, there was an amazing publication（公布） called The Whole Earth Catalog（目录）, which was one of the Bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand, not far from here in Menlo Park. And he brought it to life with his poetic（诗的） touch.

  This was in the late '60s, before personal computers and desktop（桌面） publishing. So it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback（简装本） form 35 years before Google came along. It was idealistic（理想主义的）, overflowing（溢出） with neat（整洁的） tools, and great notions（想法）. Stuart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog. And then, when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.

  It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking（免费搭乘他人便车） on if you were so adventurous（ 爱冒险的）. Beneath（在……下面） it were the words, stay hungry, stay foolish. It was their farewell（告别的） message as they signed off. Stay hungry, stay foolish. And I have always wished that for myself.

  And now, as you graduate to begin anew（重新）, I wish that for you. Stay hungry, stay foolish. Thank you all very much.