2023年06月02日
英语演讲|马克·扎克伯格:言论自由
约翰·阿夫隆:我们需要认识到什么是利害攸关的,并与其他人交谈。 他说,未来取决于我们所有人和社会进步。 Vlon:在早些年,它塑造了我的信念:让更多人发出声音,赋予弱者力量,并让他们随着时间的推移变得更好。 他说,我们还需要与其他人分享我们的经验。
The future depends on all of us and whether you like Facebook or not,

ENGLISH SPEECH | MARK ZUCKERBERG: Free Speech

The future depends on all of us and whether you like Facebook or not,

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21:13
  The future depends on all of us and whether you like Facebook or not, I think we need to recognize what is at stake树桩 and come together to stand for voice and free expression at this critical决定性的 moment. It's really great to be here at Georgetown with all of you today. Before we get started, I just want to take a moment to acknowledge承认 that today we lost an icon图标, Elijah Cummings. He was a powerful voice for equality平等 and for social progress and for bringing people together. Back when I was in college, our country had just gone to war in Iraq伊拉克共和国 and the mood on our campus was disbelief. A lot of people felt like we were acting without hearing a lot of important perspectives透视画法.
  The toll通行费 on soldiers and their families and our national psyche灵魂 was severe严格的, yet most of us felt like we were powerless to do anything about it. I remember feeling that if more people had a voice to share their experiences, then maybe it could have gone differently. In those early years, it shaped形成 my belief that giving more people a voice gives power to the powerless and pushes society to get better over time. Back then, I was just building an early version of Facebook for my community, but I got a chance to see my values and beliefs play out at a smaller scale刻度. When students got to express who they were and what mattered to them, they started more student groups, they organized more businesses, and they even challenged向…挑战 some established ways of doing things around campus. It taught me the lesson that while a lot of the world often focuses on the big events and institutions协会, the bigger stories that most progress前进 in our lives actually comes from individuals having more of a voice.
  Since then, I've focused on building services that do two things. Give people a voice and bring people together. These two simple ideas of voice and inclusion包含 go hand in hand. We've seen this throughout history, even if it doesn't always seem that way today. More people being able to share their experiences and perspectives has always been necessary to build a more inclusive包括的 society, and it is our commitment委托事项 to each other that we hold each other's right to express ourselves and be heard above our own desire愿望 to always get our way in every debate辩论. That's how we make使 progress together.
  But this view is increasingly日益 being challenged向…挑战. Now some people believe that giving more people a voice is driving division[数] 除法 rather than bringing people together. More people across the spectrum believe that achieving the political outcomes结果 that they think matter is more important than every person having a voice and being heard. I think that that's dangerous. So today I want to talk about why and some of the important choices around free expression that I think that we face going forward. Throughout history, we've seen how being able to use your voice, how people being able to use their voice helps people come together.
  We've seen this in the civil公民的 rights movement. Frederick Douglass once called a free expression the great moral道德的 renovator of our society. He said slavery奴隶制 cannot tolerate忍受 free speech. Civil rights leaders argued time and again that their protests were a protected form of expression and one noted that nearly all of the cases involving the civil rights movement were decided on first amendment改善 grounds. We've seen this globally世界上 too, where the ability to speak freely自由地 has been central to the fight for democracy民主 worldwide. The most repressive societies have always restricted限制 speech the most and when people are finally able to speak they often use their voice to call for change.
  In this year alone, people have used their voices to end multiple多重的 long running dictatorships in northern Africa and we're already starting to hear from people whose voices had been excluded排除 just because they were women or because they believed in democracy民主. Our idea of free expression has become much broader宽的 over even the last hundred years. Many Americans know about the Enlightenment启迪 history and how we enshrine the first amendment改善 into our constitution章程 but fewer know just how dramatically our cultural norms and legal protections have expanded even in recent history. The first Supreme Court case to seriously consider free speech in the first amendment was in 1919, Schenck versus the United States and back then the first amendment改善 only applied to the federal联邦的 government so states could and often did restrict限制 your right to speak. Our ability to call out things that we felt were wrong also used to be a lot more restricted. Federal laws used to impose把…强加 damages, if you said something negative about someone, even if it was true, the standard then shifted替换 so that way it was okay as long as you could prove that your critique批评 was true and we didn't get the broad宽的 free speech protections that we have now until the 1960s when the Supreme Court ruled in opinions like New York Times versus Sullivan that you can criticize public figures as long as you're not doing so with actual malice even if what you're saying is false.
  So we don't have significantly意味深长地 broader宽的 power to call out things that we feel are unjust不公平的 and share our own personal experiences and we see movements like Black Lives Matter and #MeToo spread and go viral on Facebook. The hashtag #BlackLivesMatter was actually mentioned for the first time on Facebook and this just wouldn't have been possible in the same way before. Just a hundred years back many of the stories that people are sharing now would have been against the law to even write down and of course without the internet they certainly wouldn't have reached so many people. So with Facebook today more than two billion people now have a greater opportunity to express themselves and to help others. Now while it's easy to focus on the big social movements, I think it's important to remember that most progress happens in our individual lives. It's the Air Force moms who start a Facebook group so that their children and other service members who can't come home for the holidays have a place to go.

重点单词:

C2
malice:noun.恶意, 怨恨, 预谋, 蓄意犯罪
decentralize:verb. 分散, 权力下放 from central government to regional government)
paramount:adj.极为重要的
C1
psyche:noun.灵魂;心智
slavery:noun.奴隶制
critique:noun.批评;评论文章
polarize:verb.(使)极化;(使)偏振;(使)两极分化
fallout:noun.辐射微尘, 原子尘, 附带结果
undermine:verb.破坏
toll:noun.通行费;代价;钟声;伤亡人数
anti:noun.反对者 a反对的
explicitly:adv. 明白地; 明确地
china:noun.瓷器
discourse:noun.演讲, 论述, 论文, 讲道, 谈话, 谈论
viral:adj. 病毒性的
constitution:noun.章程;体质;构造
supportive:adj.支持的;支援的;赞助的
empower:verb.授权与, 使能够
activist:noun.积极分子;激进主义分子
frankly:adv.坦率地
tolerate:verb.忍受;默许;宽恕
migration:noun.迁居;移居;迁徙
hub:noun.毂, 木片, 中心
suppress:verb.抑制;镇压;废止
censor:verb.审查,检查;检查和删节
triumph:noun.胜利,凯旋;欢欣
tolerance:noun.忍受,容忍;公差
linear:adj.线的, 直线的, 线性的
Iraq:noun.伊拉克共和国
equality:noun.平等;相等;[数] 等式
inclusion:noun.包含;内含物
spectrum:noun.光, 光谱, 型谱频谱
unjust:adj.不公平的,不公正的;非正义的
confront:verb.使面临, 对抗
content:adj.满意的,满足的
overturn:verb. 翻倒 turn over or capsize); 推翻, 倾覆(to cause the ruin or destruction of; overthrow)
stake:noun.树桩
versus:adp.对;与相对;对抗
centralize:verb.使集中;使成为…的中心;使集权
imprison:verb.关押,监禁;限制
amendment:noun.改善, 改正
elite:adj.卓越的,精锐的
enforce:verb.实施,执行;强迫,强制
tide:noun.潮,潮汐;潮流
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的
civic:adj.城市的;城镇的;市民的
enlightenment:noun.启迪, 教化
cohesion:noun.结合, 凝聚, [物理]内聚力
socialist:adj. 社会主义的
individually:adv.个别地,单独地
oversight:noun. 疏忽, 失察, 勘漏
bind:verb.捆绑;包扎;装钉
amendment:noun.改善, 改正
appoint:verb.任命,委任;约定
B2
fellow:adj.同伴的;同类的
harm:noun.伤害,损害
disagreement:noun.分歧;不一致
scale:noun.刻度,衡量,比例,数值范围,比例尺,天平,等级
civil:adj.公民的;文职的
times:adp.乘以
concerned:adj.有关的;关心的
bias:noun.偏见
coherent:adj.粘在一起的, 一致的, 连贯的
vision:noun.视;想象力;梦幻
guarantee:noun.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品
address:verb.写名字地址
division:noun.[数] 除法;部门;分配;分割;师(军队);赛区
impose:verb.把…强加;征(税)
concern:noun.关心,挂念;关系
crisis:noun.危机;存亡之际
regulation:noun.规则, 规章, 调节, 校准
restrict:verb.限制;约束;限定
dramatically:adv.大幅度地;戏剧性地
estate:noun.状态, 不动产, 时期, 阶层, 财产
inspire:verb.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感
threat:noun.威胁,恐吓,凶兆
tension:noun.张力,拉力;紧张,不安;电压
peacefully:adv.平静地, 和平地
debate:verb.辩论,争论,讨论
establish:verb.建立,设立;确立
acknowledge:verb.承认;答谢;报偿;告知已收到
freely:adv.自由地;直率地
impulse:noun.推动, 刺激, 冲动, 推动力
deeply:adv.深刻地;浓浓地;在深处
icon:noun.图标, 肖像, 偶像
perspective:noun.透视画法, 透视图, 远景, 前途, 观点, 看法, 观点, 观察
restriction:noun. 限制
diversity:noun.差异, 多样性
severe:adj.严格的;严厉的
trust:verb.相信;委托
faith:noun.信任,信心;信仰
minority:noun.少数民族;少数派;未成年
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的
commitment:noun.委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务
outcome:noun.结果,结局;成果
exclude:verb.排除;排斥;拒绝接纳;逐出
actual:adj.实际的;现行的
jail:noun.监狱
resolve:verb.解决;决心
norm:noun.标准, 规范
massive:adj.厚重的, 大块的, 魁伟的, 结实的
citizen:noun.公民;市民,居民
ensure:verb.保证,确保;使安全
unacceptable:adj.不能接受的;不受欢迎的
violence:noun. 暴力; 强烈
criticize:verb.批评;评论;非难
medium:noun.媒体, 方法, 媒介
globalization:noun. 全球化
reinforce:verb.增援,支援;加强
fundamental:adj.基本的,根本的
infringe:verb.破坏, 侵犯, 违反
debate:noun.争论,辩论
globally:adv.世界上, 全世界
federal:adj.联邦的;联盟的
rely:verb.依赖,依靠;信赖
institution:noun.协会;制度,习俗
multiple:adj.多重的;多样的;许多的
seek:verb.寻找,探索;试图
implement:verb.实施,执行;实现,使生效
issue:verb.发行,发布;发给;放出,排出
critical:adj.决定性的;批评的
shape:verb.形成;塑造,使成形;使符合
progress:verb.前进,进步;进行
jail:verb.监禁
absolute:adj.绝对的;纯粹的
increasingly:adv.日益,越来越多地
democracy:noun.民主,民主制
significantly:adv.意味深长地,值得注目地
alongside:adp. 在旁边; 沿着
protester:noun.
privacy:noun.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处
operate:verb.操作;施行手术
democratic:adj.民主的,民主政体的
challenge:verb.向…挑战;对…质疑
broad:adj.宽的,阔的;广泛的
rebuild:verb.重建;改造,重新组装;复原
parliament:noun.议会,国会
freedom:noun.自由;自主
appeal:verb.呼吁,恳求;上诉;诉诸,求助;有吸引力,迎合爱好;(体育比赛中)诉诸裁判
govern:verb.统治,治理;支配
conflict:noun.争论;冲突;斗争
expansion:noun.扩充, 开展, 膨胀, 扩张物, 辽阔, 浩瀚
transition:noun.转变, 转换, 跃迁, 过渡, 变调
desire:noun.愿望
moral:adj.道德的;合乎道德的
protection:noun.保护,警戒
shift:verb.替换,转移
sophisticated:adj.诡辩的, 久经世故的